Digital stethoscope

ABSTRACT

A digital stethoscope includes a stethoscope housing defining a housing edge. The digital stethoscope also includes a surface region secured to the stethoscope housing at the housing edge, and a number of microphones. The digital stethoscope also includes a processing device disposed within the stethoscope housing and in communication with the microphones. The processing device receives the digital audio data from the microphones.

FIELD OF INVENTION

This invention relates generally to a digital stethoscope, and moreparticularly to systems and methods for detecting and processing digitalaudio signals using a digital stethoscope.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Traditional stethoscopes are acoustic medical devices used for listeningto internal sounds within the body. A medical professional can use atraditional acoustic stethoscope to amplify the sounds made by theheart, lungs, or other body parts. A trained professional can detectabnormalities or problems within the body based on these sounds, andsignificant data exists regarding what types of sounds indicateabnormalities, such as heart murmurs.

SUMMARY OF THE DESCRIPTION

A digital stethoscope, as well as a digital stethoscope system andmethods for operating a digital stethoscope are disclosed herein. In anexemplary embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a digitalstethoscope including a stethoscope housing defining a housing edge; asurface region secured to the stethoscope housing at the housing edgeand capable of being held against the body; microphones; and aprocessing device disposed within the stethoscope housing and incommunication with the microphones to receive digital audio datareceived by the microphones. In one embodiment, the microphones aredisposed symmetrically about the surface region. In one embodiment, themicrophones are disposed on an external surface of the surface region.In one embodiment, the microphones are disposed on an internal surfaceof the surface region. In one embodiment, the digital stethoscopeincludes an air tube with a coupler to releasably couple with a portionof the stethoscope housing. In one embodiment, the digital stethoscopealso functions as an analog stethoscope when the air tube is coupled tothe stethoscope housing. In one embodiment, the microphones are microelectro-mechanical system (MEMS) microphones. In one embodiment, thedigital stethoscope also includes a communication device within thestethoscope housing and in communication with the processing device totransmit data corresponding to the digital audio data received by theplurality of microphones.

According to another aspect, the present disclosure relates to a digitalstethoscope system. The system includes a housing defining a housingedge; a surface region secured to the stethoscope housing at the housingedge and capable of being held against the body; microphones disposedsymmetrically on the surface region; and an air tube coupled with aportion of the stethoscope housing at a first end, and terminating in aheadset at a second end. The system also includes a processing device incommunication with the plurality of microphones to receive digital audiodata received by the plurality of microphones. The system also includesa communication device in communication with the processing device; aportable electronic device in communication with the communicationdevice to receive data from the processing device; and a visual displayof the portable electronic device. In one embodiment, the processingdevice determines a location of the housing with respect to an audiosource, and the visual display presents a visual representation of thehousing with respect to the audio source. In one embodiment, theprocessing device classifies the digital audio data received by theplurality of microphones. In one embodiment, the processing device is incommunication with an artificial intelligence (AI) engine and a databaseof digital audio data, and the processing device utilizes the AI engineand the database of digital audio data to classify the digital audiodata received by the plurality of microphones. In one embodiment, theprocessing device classifies the digital audio data received by themicrophones as coming from a human heart, a lung, a joint, or otherhuman portion. In one embodiment, the processing device classifies thedigital audio data received by the microphones as healthy or unhealthy.

According to another aspect, the present disclosure relates to a methodof detecting digital audio signals using a digital stethoscope. Themethod includes receiving audio signals by microphones disposedsymmetrically on a surface region of a digital stethoscope, andtransmitting digital audio data to a processing device from themicrophones. The digital audio data represents the audio signals. Themethod also includes analyzing the digital audio data using theprocessing device and generating audio classification data associatedwith the digital audio data; and generating a database including thedigital audio data and the audio classification data. In one embodiment,the processing device is located along an air tube of the digitalstethoscope. In one embodiment, the processing device is incommunication with an artificial intelligence (AI) engine and a databaseof digital audio data, and the processing device utilizes the AI engineand the database of digital audio data to classify the digital audiodata received by the plurality of microphones. In one embodiment, theprocessing device classifies the digital audio data received by themicrophones as coming from a human heart, a lung, a joint, or otherhuman portion. In one embodiment, the processing device classifies thedigital audio data received by the microphones as healthy or unhealthy.In one embodiment, the method also includes: determining a location ofthe digital stethoscope with respect to an audio source; determining anoptimal location of the digital stethoscope with respect to the audiosource; and if the digital stethoscope is not in the optimal location,communicating with a portable display device to cause a display of theportable display device to display instructions for moving the digitalstethoscope toward the optimal location.

According to another aspect, the present disclosure relates to a digitalstethoscope that includes a stethoscope housing defining a housing edge,a surface region secured to the stethoscope housing at the housing edgeand capable of being held against the body, a number of microphonesdisposed on the surface region, and a processing device located withinthe stethoscope housing and in communication with the microphones toreceive digital audio data from the microphones.

According to another aspect, the present disclosure relates to a digitalstethoscope that includes a stethoscope housing defining a housing edge,a surface region secured to the stethoscope housing at the housing edge;a number of microphones; and a processing device within the stethoscopehousing and in communication with the microphones to receive digitalaudio data from the microphones.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention is illustrated by way of example and notlimitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings in which likereferences indicate similar elements.

FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of an example digital stethoscope,according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 shows the surface region and microphones of an example digitalstethoscope, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3A shows a cross-sectional side view of an example digitalstethoscope, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3B shows a cross-sectional side view of another example digitalstethoscope, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 shows a plan view of an example digital stethoscope with an airtube, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of an example digital stethoscope system,according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6 shows a flow diagram of an example method of detecting digitalaudio signals using a digital stethoscope, according to an embodiment ofthe present disclosure.

FIG. 7 shows a flow diagram of an example method of operating a digitalstethoscope, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example computer system which may be used inconjunction with the embodiments described herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A digital stethoscope and a method of operating a digital stethoscope todetect digital audio signals is disclosed. In the following description,numerous specific details are set forth to provide thorough explanationof embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent, however,to one skilled in the art, that embodiments of the present invention maybe practiced without some or all of these specific details. In otherinstances, well-known components, structures, and techniques have notbeen shown or described in detail in order not to obscure theunderstanding of this description.

Reference in the specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment”means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic describedin connection with the embodiment can be included in at least oneembodiment of the invention. The appearances of the phrase “in oneembodiment” in various places in the specification do not necessarilyall refer to the same embodiment.

The methods depicted in the figures and described in the followingdescription, may be performed by processing logic that compriseshardware (e.g., circuitry, dedicated logic, etc.), software (such as isrun on a general-purpose computer system or a dedicated machine), or acombination of both. Although the processes are described below in termsof some sequential operations, it should be appreciated that some of theoperations described may be performed in different order. Moreover, someoperations may be performed in parallel rather than sequentially.

According to one embodiment, a digital stethoscope is disclosed that beused for auscultation to listen to internal sounds within the body. Thedigital stethoscope can include a housing that is similar to a typicalchest piece for an acoustic or analog stethoscope. The digitalstethoscope includes a number of detection devices that can be pressedagainst the body in order to detect sounds from within the body andgenerate digital audio signals. The detection devices can include, forexample, micro electro-mechanical system (MEMS) microphones, and theseMEMS microphones can be arranged on the housing or within the housing ofthe digital stethoscope. For example, the MEMS microphones can bearranged on an interface device that can have a surface region capableof being held against the body. In the case of a digital stethoscopethat also functions as an analog stethoscope, this interface device canbe the stethoscope surface region. In some embodiments, the digitalstethoscope can include a number of MEMS microphones that are arrangedsymmetrically on the stethoscope.

In some embodiments, the digital stethoscope includes one or morediaphragms or surface regions and is able to also function as an analogstethoscope. In such embodiments, the detection devices can be locatedon the diaphragm of the stethoscope. For example, a number of MEMSmicrophones can be attached to an internal or an external surface of thediaphragm, and can also be connected to a processing device within thedigital stethoscope. Because MEMS microphones have such a small formfactor, they can be located on the diaphragm without significantlyimpacting the effectiveness of the diaphragm when being used as ananalog stethoscope.

In some cases, the processing device within the digital stethoscope canbe located within the housing (i.e. within the chest piece). In suchembodiments, the chest piece can be removably attached to an air tube ofthe digital stethoscope, using a coupling mechanism. In alternativeembodiments, the processing device can be located along the air tube ofthe digital stethoscope, closer to the head set and ear tips of thestethoscope.

In some embodiments, the processing device can include an engine toreceive digital audio data from the detection devices, parse theinformation, and identify one or more features of the parsed digitalaudio data. The digital stethoscope can also include a communicationdevice that is in communication with the processing device, in order totransfer data to and/or from other electronic devices. In someembodiments, the digital stethoscope can also include a pair of speakerscoupled to the headset ear tips, the detection devices, and/or theprocessing device and communication device. The speakers can be coupledto the ears of a user in order to listen to sounds within the body, orto hear other information related to those sounds. For example, the usercan simply listen to sounds within the body, or can also listen toinformation related to those sounds generated by the processing device.In one such example, the processing device can parse or classify thesounds by identifying a feature of the human organ being listened to,and the speakers can be used to provide that information to the user.

FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of an example digital stethoscope,according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In thisembodiment, the digital stethoscope incudes a housing 101 that defines ahousing edge. The housing edge can be circular, like a traditionalanalog stethoscope, in some embodiments. However, the geometry of thehousing is not limited to a circular design. The digital stethoscopealso includes a surface region 103 that is secured to the stethoscopehousing 101 at the housing edge. The stethoscope also includes a numberof microphones 105 disposed on the surface region. In this embodiment,the surface region is circular, and the microphones 105 are disposedsymmetrically about surface region near the outer circumference. In theembodiment shown in FIG. 1 , four microphones are included, althoughmore or fewer microphones can be utilized in different embodiments, andthe microphones do not necessarily need to be located symmetricallyabout the circumference of the surface region. In alternativeembodiments, one or more microphones can be located near the center ofthe surface region, or arranged across the surface region in a grid, orother pattern. The microphones can include MEMS microphones, in someembodiments.

The digital stethoscope can also include a processing device 107, acommunication device 109, and a mobile platform such as WiFi, Bluetooth,or NFC 111. The processing device 107 can be in communication with themicrophones 105 and can be used, for example, to analyze digital audiosignals. In some embodiments, the processing device 107 can analyze thedigital audio signals from the microphones 105 in order to parse orclassify the audio signals into different classifications. For example,the processing device 107 can determine whether the digital audio datais received from a human heart, a lung, a joint, or other organ orportion of the body. In some cases, the digital audio data can includedata from both the heart and a lung, or some other combination of bodyparts, and the processing device 107 can parse the different audiosignals and distinguish between them.

In some embodiments, the processing device 107 can detect featureswithin the digital audio data and classify the digital audio dataaccordingly. For example, the processing device 107 may be able todetect the sound of a heart murmur, or a problem with the lungs orabdomen, and can classify the detected audio data accordingly. Thisclassification can also be provided to the user. In some cases, the usercan be a doctor or healthcare worker in a more typical care setting. Inother cases, the user can be a patient operating the digital stethoscopein a remote or telemedicine setting.

The communication device 109 and mobile platform can be used tocommunicate with other electronic devices in order to send and/orreceive data. In some embodiments, the classification data generated bythe digital stethoscope can be provided to the user for a diagnosis. Forexample, if a heart murmur is detected, the communication device 109 cantransmit this information to an electronic device in order to display anotification to the user. In other embodiments, the classification datacan be stored in a database along with the digital audio data in orderto generate or compile a database of digital audio signals that areassociated with different conditions, organs, or other phenomena.

In some embodiments, the processing device 107 can be located onboardthe stethoscope within the housing 101. Alternatively, the processingdevice 107 can be located within another portion of the digitalstethoscope, such as along an air tube. In still other embodiments, theprocessing device 107 can be remote and simply in wireless communicationwith the microphones 105. In embodiments where the processing device 107and communication device 109 are located onboard the digitalstethoscope, the entire system may begin by initializing andestablishing a communication channel between the device and anelectronic device, such as a cell phone, tablet, or other mobilecomputing device. This other mobile electronic device can have a displayscreen and may be useful for operating the digital stethoscope andreceiving or viewing data related to the patient being treated.

FIG. 2 shows the surface region 203 and microphones 205 of an exampledigital stethoscope, according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure. In this embodiment, the surface region 203 that is securedto the stethoscope housing is circular, and includes a number ofmicrophones 205 disposed symmetrically about the surface region near theouter circumference. As with the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 , fourmicrophones 205 are shown in FIG. 2 . However, more or fewer microphonescan be utilized in different embodiments, and the microphones do notnecessarily need to be located symmetrically about the circumference ofthe surface region 203. In alternative embodiments, one or moremicrophones can be located near the center of the surface region 203, orarranged across the surface region 203 in a grid, or other pattern. Themicrophones can include MEMS microphones, or other suitable smallmicrophones that can be used to detect sounds within the body.

FIG. 3A shows a cross-sectional side view of an example digitalstethoscope, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Inthis embodiment, the digital stethoscope includes a housing 301. Thehousing 301 defines a housing edge 302, that can be circular, as shownin FIGS. 1-2 . The surface region 303 can be attached or secured to thehousing edge 302 and capable of being held against the body, and themicrophones 305 a can be attached to or located on the surface region303. In this particular embodiment, the microphones 305 a are shownattached to an internal side of the surface region 303. However, inother embodiments the microphones 305 a can be attached to the externalsurface of the surface region 303. It could also be possible tofabricate the surface region 303 and microphones 305 a together suchthat they are integral with one another, rather than attached or mountedonto one another. In some embodiments the housing 301 may also include a“honey-comb” structure that may provide echo cancelling.

The digital stethoscope of FIG. 3A also includes an air tube 307 that isremovably attached to the housing 301 using a coupler 315. In thisembodiment, the coupler 315 is designed to mate with or fit within aportion of the housing 301. However, in other embodiments the coupler315 and housing 301 can be designed such that the coupler 315 attachesto an exterior portion of the housing 301. When the air tube 307 isattached to the housing 301 using the coupler 315, the digitalstethoscope can also function as an analog stethoscope.

FIG. 3B shows a cross-sectional side view of another example digitalstethoscope, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Inthis embodiment, the digital stethoscope is similar to the stethoscopeof FIG. 3A, and includes corresponding components, as well as a PCB 311,located within the housing 301. The PCB 311 can be in communication withthe microphones 305 b, and can receive audio data from the microphones305 b. In some embodiments, the PCB 311 can analyze or process the audiodata received from the microphones 305 a according to the methodsdisclosed below. The microphones 305 b can be mounted on the PCB 311, orboth components can be fabricated as a single piece. In someembodiments, the PCB 311 can be mounted to or secured to the interiorportion of the housing 301. For example, the PCB 311 can be secured tothe housing 301 using thin posts or other means, such that the PCB 311is secured in place. The PCB can analyze or process the audio datareceived from the microphones 305 b according to the methods disclosedbelow.

FIG. 4 shows a plan view of an example digital stethoscope with an airtube, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In thisembodiment, the digital stethoscope includes an air tube 407 connectedto the housing 401, and the housing includes a surface region 403 and anumber of MEMS microphones 405 such that the digital stethoscope canalso function as an analog stethoscope. In some embodiments, the airtube 407 can be removably attached to the housing 401, as discussedabove in reference to FIG. 3A. However, this is not necessary and theair tube 407 can be permanently mounted to the housing 401. Because thedigital stethoscope includes an air tube with a headset and ear tips,the processing device 411 can be located away from the housing. This canprevent any interference between the processing device 411 and thesurface region 403, or simply provide additional flexibility in designand more options for electronic components. The processing device 411can be in communication with the MEMS microphones 405 via wiring 409. Inembodiments where the air tube 407 is removably attached to the housing401 using a coupler, as discussed in FIG. 3A, the coupler can alsoinclude an electronic coupler that can complete the connection betweenthe wiring 409 and the MEMS microphones 405.

FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of an example digital stethoscope system,according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In thisembodiment, the system includes a core AI engine 501 that can receiveinputs from the microphone array 509 on the digital stethoscope. In someembodiments, in order to properly isolate and identify sounds, noisecancellation 511 and anti-reverberation 513 can be performed. The noisecancellation 511 and anti-reverberation 513 may assist in suppressingradio frequency (RF)/electromagnetic noise, physical noise, and noisecaused by movement of the digital stethoscope. In some embodiments, oneor more of AI engine 501, noise cancellation 511, anti-reverberation513, and analytics 507 may comprise software or logic that is stored ona processing device located on the digital stethoscope (e.g., processingdevice 107 illustrated in FIG. 1 ), or can be stored on a memory of thedigital stethoscope (e.g., memory 108 illustrated in FIG. 1 ), andexecuted using the processing device located on the digital stethoscope(e.g., processing device 107). In other embodiments, one or more of AIengine 501, noise cancellation 511, anti-reverberation 513, andanalytics 507 may comprise dedicated hardware/circuitry or other form ofprocessing core that executes program code instructions.

In some embodiments, the core AI engine 501 can include a machinelearning (ML) model that is trained on a set of training data, which maybe stored in the database 503. In some embodiments, such a model can betrained using annotated training data, such as digital audio data thatis known to correspond to a particular phenomenon or condition, such asa heart murmur or a lung disease. Such a model is considered asupervised ML model. The core AI engine 501 can include, in someembodiments, a feature extractor or other type of unsupervised learningmodel that can analyze audio data and identify features or othercharacteristics within the data. One skilled in the art will recognizethat a combination of supervised and unsupervised models can be used,and the level at which annotations can be provided to the model can varydepending on the scenario. For example, the annotated training data caninclude annotations related to specific segments within a digital audiofile, or annotations related to specific components of an audio filethat have been parsed or classified by the processing device.

Once a ML model has been trained, it can receive inputs from the digitalstethoscope via a microphone array 514 in the form of heart sounds 515,lung sounds 517, abdominal sounds 519, and/or bone or ligament sounds521. These types of sounds are merely examples, and are not intended tobe an all-inclusive or complete list of the types of sounds that can bedetected or identified using the core AI engine 501. The input soundsmay be captured by microphones of the digital stethoscope (e.g.,microphones 205 and 305 illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 respectively) anddigitized by an analog to digital converter (not shown) that may e.g.,be part of processor 107. The core AI engine 501 can then implementvarious analytics 507 and generate determinations 505 about the digitalaudio data.

The determinations that can be made by the core AI engine 501 include,for example, determinations related to a physical phenomenon, such asheart murmur, acid reflux, etc. The core AI engine 501 can also analyzethe digital audio data and identify whether the sound is from a heart,lungs, or other body part. Heart rate, and other attributes related to abody part can also be determined. In some cases, the core AI engine 501can analyze the digital audio data to determine whether the sounds comefrom a healthy or unhealthy organ or body part.

The digital stethoscope system can also include a recording device andstorage system (as discussed in more detail below), in some embodimentsand can be in communication with other electronic devices in order tosend and receive information, or transmit notifications. The digitalstethoscope system can prompt a mobile electronic device to displaycertain graphical images or data representing the digital audio data, orrepresenting different determinations or analytics that are performed bythe core AI engine 501.

FIG. 6 shows a flow diagram of an example method of detecting digitalaudio signals using a digital stethoscope, according to an embodiment ofthe present disclosure. The method can begin at operation 601 withreceiving audio signals at a number of microphones. As discussed above,the microphones can include MEMS microphones that are disposed on asurface region of a digital stethoscope. The audio signals can be thesounds generated by a body part, such as the heart, lungs, abdomen, etc.and the MEMS microphones can generate digital audio data representingthe audio signals.

At operation 603, the microphones transmit the digital audio data to aprocessing device. The processing device can be located nearby themicrophones within a device housing, or at another location on thedigital stethoscope. In some cases, the processing device includes an AIengine, as discussed above, or is in communication with other electronicdevices with access to the AI engine.

At operation 605, the digital audio data is analyzed, and audioclassification data is generated associated with the digital audio data.This classification data can include, for example, informationidentifying the sounds as coming from a particular body part,information indicating the health of the body part being listened to, orother information that can be linked to the digital audio data and thepatient. In one embodiment, the processing device is in communicationwith an AI engine and a database of digital audio data. The processingdevice can utilize the AI engine and the database of digital audio datato classify the digital audio data received by the microphones.

At operation 607, a database is generated including the digital audiodata and the audio classification data. In some embodiments, thedatabase can include copies of the actual digital audio data or audiofiles, while in other embodiments the digital audio data can include adescription of the sounds detected or a link to the actual audio files.As discussed above, the audio classification data can includeinformation indicating the source of the audio (e.g. whether the audiois coming from a human heart, a lung, a joint, or other human portion),the health of the patient, etc.

FIG. 7 shows a flow diagram of an example method of operating a digitalstethoscope, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Themethod can begin at operation 701 with receiving audio signals at anumber of microphones. As discussed above, the microphones can includeMEMS disposed on a surface region of a digital stethoscope. The audiosignals can be the sounds generated by a body part, such as the heart,lungs, abdomen, etc. and the MEMS microphones can generate digital audiodata representing the audio signals. The MEMS microphones can bedispersed around the surface region in a known orientation, such thatbeamforming can be performed.

At operation 703, the processing device can determine the location ofthe digital stethoscope—or more specifically the location of the MEMSmicrophones—with respect to the audio source. For example, if thedigital stethoscope is being used to listen to a heartbeat, theprocessing device can analyze the digital audio signals from themicrophones and determine the location of the stethoscope with respectto the heart.

At operation 705, the processing device can determine the optimallocation of the digital stethoscope with respect to the audio source.Returning to the example of listening to a heartbeat, the processingdevice knows the location of the stethoscope with respect to the heartand can determine the optimal location for listening to a heartbeat. Inother embodiments, different organs or body parts can be the target ofinterest, and there can be different optimal locations of thestethoscope depending on the audio data that is intended to be gathered.

Once the location of the digital stethoscope is determined, as well asthe optimal location of the stethoscope, the method can continue atoperation 707 with determining if the stethoscope is currently in thecorrect location. If so, the method can return to operation 701 andcontinue receiving audio data at the microphones.

If the stethoscope is not at the optimal location, the method cancontinue at operation 711 and communicate with a portable displaydevice. At operation 713, the digital stethoscope causes the display ofthe portable display device to display instructions for moving thedigital stethoscope toward the optimal location. Such instructions canbe particularly helpful in the telemedicine or remote treatmentsettings, where a patient may need to operate the digital stethoscopewithout the guidance of a trained medial professional.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example computer system which may be used inconjunction with the embodiments described herein. As shown in FIG. 8 ,the computer system, which is a form of a data processing system,includes a bus 803 which is coupled to a microprocessor(s) 805 and a ROM(Read Only Memory) 807 and volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) 809 and anon-volatile memory 813. The microprocessor 805 may include one or moreCPU(s), GPU(s), a specialized processor, and/or a combination thereof.The microprocessor 805 may be in communication with a cache 804, and mayretrieve the instructions from the memories 807, 809, 813 and executethe instructions to perform operations described above. The bus 803interconnects these various components together and also interconnectsthese components 805, 807, 809, and 813 to a display controller anddisplay device 815 and to peripheral devices such as input/output (I/O)devices 811 which may be mice, keyboards, modems, network interfaces,printers and other devices which are well known in the art. Typically,the input/output devices 811 are coupled to the system throughinput/output controllers 817. The volatile RAM 809 is typicallyimplemented as dynamic RAM (DRAM), which requires power continually inorder to refresh or maintain the data in the memory.

The nonvolatile memory 813 can be, for example, a magnetic hard drive ora magnetic optical drive or an optical drive or a DVD RAM or a flashmemory or other types of memory systems, which maintain data (e.g. largeamounts of data) even after power is removed from the system. Typically,the nonvolatile memory 813 will also be a random access memory althoughthis is not required. While FIG. 8 shows that the nonvolatile memory 813is a local device coupled directly to the rest of the components in thedata processing system, it will be appreciated that the presentinvention may utilize a nonvolatile memory which is remote from thesystem, such as a network storage device which is coupled to the dataprocessing system through a network interface such as a modem, anEthernet interface or a wireless network. The bus 803 may include one ormore buses connected to each other through various bridges, controllersand/or adapters as is well known in the art.

Portions of what was described above may be implemented with logiccircuitry such as a dedicated logic circuit or with a microcontroller orother form of processing core that executes program code instructions.The microcontroller or processing core may be located onboard thedigital stethoscope, or on an electronic device or remote server that isin communication with the digital stethoscope. Processes taught by thediscussion above may be performed with program code, such asmachine-executable instructions, that cause a machine that executesthese instructions to perform certain functions. In this context, a“machine” may be a machine that converts intermediate form (or“abstract”) instructions into processor specific instructions (e.g., anabstract execution environment such as a “virtual machine” (e.g., a JavaVirtual Machine), an interpreter, a Common Language Runtime, ahigh-level language virtual machine, etc.), and/or, electronic circuitrydisposed on a semiconductor chip (e.g., “logic circuitry” implementedwith transistors) designed to execute instructions such as ageneral-purpose processor and/or a special-purpose processor. Processestaught by the discussion above may also be performed by (in thealternative to a machine or in combination with a machine) electroniccircuitry designed to perform the processes (or a portion thereof)without the execution of program code.

The present invention also relates to an apparatus for performing theoperations described herein. This apparatus may be specially constructedfor the required purpose, or it may comprise a general-purpose computerselectively activated or reconfigured by a computer program stored inthe computer. Such a computer program may be stored in a computerreadable storage medium onboard the digital stethoscope, or on a devicethat is in communication with the digital stethoscope.

A machine readable medium includes any mechanism for storing ortransmitting information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., acomputer). For example, a machine readable medium includes read onlymemory (“ROM”); random access memory (“RAM”); magnetic disk storagemedia; optical storage media; flash memory devices; etc.

An article of manufacture may be used to store program code. An articleof manufacture that stores program code may be embodied as, but is notlimited to, one or more memories (e.g., one or more flash memories,random access memories (static, dynamic or other)), optical disks,CD-ROMs, DVD ROMs, EPROMs, EEPROMs, magnetic or optical cards or othertype of machine-readable media suitable for storing electronicinstructions. Program code may also be downloaded from a remote computer(e.g., a server) to a requesting computer (e.g., a client) by way ofdata signals embodied in a propagation medium (e.g., via a communicationlink (e.g., a network connection)).

In addition, while reference may be made herein to quantitativemeasures, values, geometric relationships or the like, unless otherwisestated, any one or more if not all of these may be absolute orapproximate to account for acceptable variations that may occur, such asthose due to manufacturing or engineering tolerances or the like.

The foregoing discussion merely describes some exemplary embodiments ofthe present invention. One skilled in the art will readily recognizefrom such discussion, the accompanying drawings, and the claims thatvarious modifications can be made without departing from the spirit andscope of the invention.

1. A digital stethoscope, comprising: a stethoscope housing defining acircular housing edge; a surface region secured to the stethoscopehousing at the circular housing edge; a plurality of microphones securedto the surface region; and a processing device disposed within thestethoscope housing and in communication with the plurality ofmicrophones to receive digital audio data received by the plurality ofmicrophones.
 2. The digital stethoscope of claim 1, wherein theplurality of microphones is disposed symmetrically about the surfaceregion.
 3. The digital stethoscope of claim 1, wherein the plurality ofmicrophones is disposed on an external surface of the surface region. 4.The digital stethoscope of claim 1, wherein the plurality of microphonesis disposed on an internal surface of the surface region.
 5. The digitalstethoscope of claim 1, further comprising an air tube having a couplerto releasably couple with a portion of the stethoscope housing.
 6. Thedigital stethoscope of claim 5, wherein the digital stethoscope furtherfunctions as an analog stethoscope when the air tube is coupled to thestethoscope housing.
 7. The digital stethoscope of claim 1, wherein theplurality of microphones includes micro electro-mechanical system (MEMS)microphones.
 8. The digital stethoscope of claim 1, further comprising acommunication device disposed within the stethoscope housing and incommunication with the processing device to transmit data correspondingto the digital audio data received by the plurality of microphones.
 9. Adigital stethoscope system, comprising: a digital stethoscopecomprising: a housing defining a circular housing edge; a surface regionsecured to the stethoscope housing at the circular housing edge; aplurality of microphones secured to the surface region; an air tubecoupled with a portion of the stethoscope housing at a first end, andterminating in a headset at a second end; a processing device incommunication with the plurality of microphones to receive digital audiodata received by the plurality of microphones; and a communicationdevice in communication with the processing device; a portableelectronic device in communication with the communication device toreceive data from the processing device; and a visual display of theportable electronic device.
 10. The digital stethoscope of claim 9,wherein the processing device determines a location of the housing withrespect to an audio source, and the visual display presents a visualrepresentation of the housing with respect to the audio source.
 11. Thedigital stethoscope of claim 9, wherein the processing device classifiesthe digital audio data received by the plurality of microphones.
 12. Thedigital stethoscope of claim 9, wherein the processing device is incommunication with an artificial intelligence (AI) engine and a databaseof digital audio data, and the processing device utilizes the AI engineand the database of digital audio data to classify the digital audiodata received by the plurality of microphones.
 13. The digitalstethoscope of claim 12, wherein the processing device classifies thedigital audio data received by the plurality of microphones as comingfrom a human heart, a lung, a joint, or other human portion.
 14. Thedigital stethoscope of claim 12, wherein the processing deviceclassifies the digital audio data received by the plurality ofmicrophones as healthy or unhealthy.
 15. A method of detecting digitalaudio signals using a digital stethoscope, comprising: receiving audiosignals by a plurality of microphones; transmitting digital audio datato a processing device from the plurality of microphones, the digitalaudio data representing the audio signals; analyzing the digital audiodata using the processing device and generating audio classificationdata associated with the digital audio data; and generating a databaseincluding the digital audio data and the audio classification data. 16.The method of claim 15, wherein the processing device is located alongan air tube of the digital stethoscope.
 17. The method of claim 15,wherein the processing device is in communication with an artificialintelligence (AI) engine and a database of digital audio data, and theprocessing device utilizes the AI engine and the database of digitalaudio data to classify the digital audio data received by the pluralityof microphones.
 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the processingdevice classifies the digital audio data received by the plurality ofmicrophones as coming from a human heart, a lung, a joint, or otherhuman portion.
 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the processing deviceclassifies the digital audio data received by the plurality ofmicrophones as healthy or unhealthy.
 20. The method of claim 15, furthercomprising: determining a location of the digital stethoscope withrespect to an audio source; determining an optimal location of thedigital stethoscope with respect to the audio source; and if the digitalstethoscope is not in the optimal location, communicating with aportable display device to cause a display of the portable displaydevice to display instructions for moving the digital stethoscope towardthe optimal location.
 21. A digital stethoscope, comprising: astethoscope housing defining a housing edge; a surface region secured tothe stethoscope housing at the housing edge; a plurality of microphonescoupled to the surface region; and a processing device disposed withinthe stethoscope housing and in communication with the plurality ofmicrophones to receive digital audio data received by the plurality ofmicrophones.
 22. (canceled)